$pathological fracture cancer$

$pathological fracture cancer$

The juvenile bone cyst is a unilocular cavity lined with varying thick membrane filled with clear or sanguinary liquid. Therefore, the diagnosis of low malignant chondrosarcoma G1 often derives besides the histopathological analysis from the combination of possible symptoms and findings and specific radiological criteria (see, chondrosarcoma). The reason for this is that in practically all cases of low grade, highly differentiated chondrosarcoma histological malignancy (cellular atypia, pleomorphic stroma, increased mitotic activity) are only focally and in many spots the histological picture can not be distinguished from an enchondroma. The reason for this is that in practically all cases of low malignant highly differentiated chondrosarcoma histological malignancy criteria such as cellular atypia, pleomorphic stroma, increased mitotic activity are only focally and in many places the histological picture can not be distinguished from an enchondroma. A biopsy may not always lead the way despite a clinical and radiological suspected malignancy. A pathological fracture of the humerus in the presence of a chondromatous tumor should always remind the treating surgeon of a chondrosarcoma. Due to possible enossal erosion of the cortex (scalloping) and the resulting reduced stability of the bone, pathologic fractures are also possible despite its benign dignity, but compared to metacarpals and phalanges of the hand of very rare occurence. The proximal humerus presents the most commonly affected location following the small tubular bones of hands and feet (Fig. All degrees reaching from asymptomatic incidental findings to sarcomatous degenerations including pathological fracture are possible. 19.4).ĭue to its biological behavior the enchondroma, the second most common benign bone tumor, presents in several variants. Drug therapy with denosumab, an osteoclast-modifying human monoclonal antibody, shows promising results in several studies and becomes increasingly important in the treatment of unresectable or recurrent giant cell tumors (Fig. In very rare cases, it may be necessary in severe defect situations to use a primary endoprosthesis. High primary stability, thermal adjuvant effects, the bone-saving approach and a good delineation of possible recurrence in imaging follow-up is in contrast to a revision including cement removal and biological reconstruction as well as a statistically increased risk of required endoprosthetical treatment of the adjacent joint. The initial reconstruction with autologous bone material is not indicated because of the high likelihood of recurrence. Only after the distinct diagnosis of a giant cell tumor is met and a malignancy is excluded a definitive surgical therapy with intralesional curettage, cement filling and osteosynthesis is to be performed. Open biopsy with subsequent immobilization of the limb is necessary to differentiate benign from malignant dedifferentiated giant cell tumors (<1).

$pathological fracture cancer$

Pathological fracture cancer